![]() ![]() "How?" A reader will also want to know whether the claims of the thesis are true in all cases. If it does, the essay will lack balance and may read as mere summary or description. ![]() But be forewarned: it shouldn't take up much more than a third (often much less) of your finished essay. Since you're essentially reporting what you've observed, this is the part you might have most to say about when you first start writing. This "what" or "demonstration" section comes early in the essay, often directly after the introduction. "What?" The first question to anticipate from a reader is "what": What evidence shows that the phenomenon described by your thesis is true? To answer the question you must examine your evidence, thus demonstrating the truth of your claim. If they don't, your thesis is most likely simply an observation of fact, not an arguable claim.) It's helpful to think of the different essay sections as answering a series of questions your reader might ask when encountering your thesis. Background material (historical context or biographical information, a summary of relevant theory or criticism, the definition of a key term) often appears at the beginning of the essay, between the introduction and the first analytical section, but might also appear near the beginning of the specific section to which it's relevant. Counterargument, for example, may appear within a paragraph, as a free-standing section, as part of the beginning, or before the ending. Introductions and conclusions have fixed places, but other parts don't. Even short essays perform several different operations: introducing the argument, analyzing data, raising counterarguments, concluding. Although there are guidelines for constructing certain classic essay types (e.g., comparative analysis), there are no set formula.Īnswering Questions: The Parts of an EssayĪ typical essay contains many different kinds of information, often located in specialized parts or sections. Thus your essay's structure is necessarily unique to the main claim you're making. It dictates the information readers need to know and the order in which they need to receive it. The focus of such an essay predicts its structure. Successfully structuring an essay means attending to a reader's logic. Because essays are essentially linear-they offer one idea at a time-they must present their ideas in the order that makes most sense to a reader. Negative aspects of police culture impede police accountability.Ĭontention: Police culture is one of the biggest obstacles to police accountability.Writing an academic essay means fashioning a coherent set of ideas into an argument. How effective have they been? Compare different viewpoints. Strengths/weaknesses of independent bodies. ![]() Topic sentence: The establishment of independent bodies to investigate and prevent misconduct and corruption are themselves evidence of problems with police culture.Įvidence (& analysis of evidence): Chan, 1999 UBAC, OPI. ![]() Strengths and weaknesses of these studies how they compare with other studies or viewpoints.ĭescription of the independent bodies that have been established to investigate and prevent corruption. This inadvertently impedes accountability as it contributes to indifference, aggression, an ‘us and them’ mentality, exercise of a higher degree of authority and force, and even racism and discrimination.Įvidence (& analysis of evidence): studies by James and Warren, also Smith and Reside. Topic sentence: Police become cynical of their social environment, and become isolated or detached from it which feeds into police culture. Smith and Reside (2010) say that racism and discrimination is part of police culture. How does their view compare with other studies? Strengths/weaknesses? highlight specific outcomes of this including: abuse of authority, brutality, misuse of force, bribery… Topic sentence: ‘Code of silence’ is part of police culture which enables corruption and misconduct.Įvidence (& analysis of evidence): Kelling et al. James and Warren outline the negative aspects of police culture: ‘Code of silence’ and cynicism/pessimism in the police force. How Chan’s definition sets parameters for this essay. Main points: Police culture has bred cynicism, racism and a ‘code of silence’, to the detriment of integrity, morality and the law.Ī combination of internal and external controls are needed to achieve greater transparency and integrity. This essay will explore the effect of police culture on police accountability.Ĭontention: Police culture is an impediment to police accountability.Police culture has bred cynicism, racism and a ‘code of silence’.Police culture stems from a common mission and sense of ‘brotherhood’.No argument, too descriptive and no analysis ![]()
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